1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU processes instructions and performs calculations. It’s typically located on the motherboard.

2. Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory temporarily stores data that the CPU needs to access quickly. More RAM allows a computer to run more programs simultaneously without slowing down.

3. Storage: There are two main types of storage:

   • Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Offers high-capacity storage for long-term data storage.
   • Solid State Drive (SSD): Provides faster access to data but usually at a higher cost per gigabyte compared to HDDs.

4. Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all the components of a computer together. It houses the CPU, memory, storage, and other essential components.

5. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations. It’s crucial for gaming, video editing, and other graphics-intensive tasks.

6. Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electrical power from an outlet into usable power for the computer’s components.

7. Cooling System: Prevents overheating by dissipating heat generated by the CPU, GPU, and other components. This can include fans, heat sinks, and liquid cooling systems.

8. Input/Output Devices: These include peripherals like keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and speakers that allow users to interact with the computer.

9. Expansion Cards: Additional cards that can be installed on the motherboard to add functionality, such as network adapters, sound cards, or additional USB ports.

10. Case: Encloses and protects the internal components of the computer.

Learning about each of these components and how they interact with each other will give you a solid foundation in understanding computer hardware.