What are the 4 types of knee replacement surgery?

Only if your knee causes you pain, stiffness, instability, or loss of function that interferes with your regular activities will you need a knee replacement. Your thigh and shin bones' ends are covered with tough cartilage in a healthy knee, allowing the bones to move quickly against one another. The hard cartilage is thinned by arthritis damage.

If you are considering getting a knee replacement, contact a doctor at MIOT Hospital Chennai through the Credihealth website.

Types of knee replacement surgery

Both replacement knee joints and surgical techniques come in a variety of forms. 

The four primary procedures for knee replacement include:

• total knee replacement
• kneecap replacement (patellofemoral arthroplasty)
• unicompartmental (partial) knee replacement
• complex or revision knee replacement.

• Total knee replacement-

The thigh bone's (femur) end and the top of the shin bone's joint surface are often replaced during total knee replacement surgeries (tibia).

The patella, or underside of the kneecap, may also be replaced as part of a total knee replacement with a smooth plastic dome. Nonetheless, there are situations when a choice must be made when doing the procedure. Some surgeons prefer preserving the natural patella if at all possible.

It won't prevent you from getting a knee replacement if you've previously had a patellectomy, but it might change the kind of replacement part (prosthesis) your surgeon employs.

Usually, cement is used to secure the new components. If cement is not utilized, the component facing the bone has its surface roughened or coated to entice bone to grow onto it and create a natural attachment.

Another popular method is to utilize a movable plastic bearing that is not securely connected to the metal components. Although it hasn't been proven to produce better long-term results, doing this might reduce wear on your replacement joint.

• Unicompartmental partial knee replacement-

A partial (unicompartmental) knee replacement may be an option if arthritis only affects one side of your knee, typically the inner side.

The inner (medial), outer (lateral), and kneecap are the three compartments of the knee (patellofemoral). A half-knee replacement may be an option if your knee arthritis only affects one side, typically the inner side (sometimes called unicompartmental or partial replacement). This usually results in a quicker recovery and improved function because it interferes with the knee less than a total knee replacement.

With reduced invasive or minimally invasive surgery techniques, partial knee replacements can be performed through a minor cut (incision) rather than a whole knee replacement. A tiny incision might speed up recovery even more.

Because your knee's ligaments must be robust and healthy, partial knee replacement is not ideal for everyone. Occasionally, this won't be apparent until the operation.

Even though there is less interference with the knee during the procedure, it is frequently more complex than a total knee replacement. Because of this, your doctor might recommend a total knee replacement for you.

Any age can be considered for partial knee replacement. It allows younger patients to save more bone, which is advantageous if you need revision surgery.

Partial knee replacement is a physically less demanding procedure for older patients, with less discomfort and bleeding risk. Yet rather than your age, the sort of arthritis you have will determine how the procedure turns out.

• Kneecap replacement (patellofemoral arthroplasty)-

If only the underside of the kneecap and its groove (the trochlea) is damaged by arthritis, a kneecap replacement merely includes replacing these two areas.

If arthritis affects the underside of the kneecap and its groove (the trochlea), these portions can be replaced separately. Patellofemoral joint arthroplasty or patellofemoral replacement are other names for this.

Only roughly 1 in 40 persons with osteoarthritis are candidates for the procedure. But, if arthritis doesn't worsen and it's a less complicated procedure with a quicker recovery period, the results of kneecap replacement can be favorable.

• Complex or revision knee replacement-

If you have a second or third joint replaced in the same knee, or if your arthritis is particularly severe, you might need a complicated knee replacement.

These knee replacements often have a longer stem, allowing for more stable component fixation within the bone cavity. To provide more stability, the parts may interlock in the knee's middle to form a hinge. If a bone is removed or severely injured, other metal or plastic parts may be used to compensate for it.

What are some advantages of knee replacement surgery?

Some advantages of knee replacement surgery can include,

• Relief from pain-

Knee replacement surgery can relieve the crippling agony you experience when standing, walking, running, or just sitting or resting. 

• Enhanced mobility-

Knee discomfort is particularly incapacitating since it makes it difficult to walk long distances. If your ability to walk, climb stairs, sit down in a chair, or get up from one is severely limited by knee discomfort or joint stiffness, knee surgery may be the best option.

• Better response to treatment-

Suppose chronic knee inflammation and swelling do not improve with rest, medication, or other therapies such as anti-inflammatory drugs, lubricating, cortisone, physical therapy, or other operations. In that case, knee surgery may be a suitable alternative.

Long-term usage of several prescription drugs, particularly opioid painkillers, can result in difficulties. Surgery is, therefore, a preferable choice.

• High success rate-

Knee surgery has a very high proportion of patient satisfaction and success. One year after having knee replacement surgery, more than 95% of patients are happy with the results.

Whole knee replacement surgery has no age limitations. Instead of considering the patient's age, doctors base their recommendations for surgery on the patient's discomfort and disability.

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