Nd: YVO4 crystal

Nd: YVO4 crystal belongs to the tetragonal system, positive uniaxial crystal. Nd: YVO4 crystal has been extensively identified as an essential laser product since its development in 1966.

Nonetheless, the researchers found issues in the scattering centre, absorption colour centre, and so on. It is, for that reason, difficult to expand high-grade crystals of the dimension required for a flash pump.

Luckily, it has exceptional absorption as well as gains to the wavelength of diode radiation. And the transmission section is enormous. The output laser has excellent polarization qualities. These are enough to cover the imperfections of its tiny growth dimension.

Benefits

Nd: YVO4 crystal has exceptional properties. Compared with another typically utilized Nd: YAG crystal (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal), its pump broadband is extra substantial. The absorption transmission capacity efficiency is greater. The promoted emission cross-section is extra extensive as well as has outstanding advancement worth. Nd: YVO4 crystals are made use of combined with nonlinear optical crystals such as LBO crystals, BBO crystals, KTP crystals, etc. It can understand frequency-doubling conversion and readjust working wavelength. The all-solid-state laser made of Nd: YVO4 crystal can outcome near-infrared light, green light, blue light, ultraviolet light and so forth.

• Concerning 808 nm pump data transfer, regarding the Nd: YAG 5 times
• The area at 1064 nm of the promoted exhaust of radiation is an Nd: YAG three times.
• Light damage limit is low, high incline effectiveness
• Uniaxial crystal axis, the result of linear polarization

Weak points

Compared to the conventional Nd: YAG crystal, Nd: YVO4 has the advantages of a much more considerable absorption coefficient, higher emission cross section, polarization absorption and emission features, larger absorption data transfer, and also insensitivity to the temperature change of the diode. Therefore, it is extensively used in LD-pumped solid-state lasers.

Nonetheless, it has a big discharge cross-section and also a brief top energy lifetime. The energy storage space ability of Nd: YVO4 is a lot lower than that of Nd: YAG. Not for high power, peak power of the Q - switched pulse outcome. Their advantages are limited to constant wave output, high average control, and high conversion efficiency. In addition, the thermal conductivity of Nd: YVO4 is very tiny, only half that of Nd: YAG. For that reason, it is not conducive to achieving high-power continuous wave outcomes.

Apply

Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd: YVO4) crystal is a sort of laser crystal with outstanding performance, which is appropriate for making a laser diode pump, especially a low-power laser. Compared with Nd: YAG, Nd: YVO4 has a greater absorption coefficient as well as a larger boosted discharge cross-section.

Laser diode-pumped Nd: YVO4 crystals are integrated with LBO, BBO, KTP and other crystals with high nonlinear coefficients. It can attain far better frequency-doubling conversion efficiency. It can output near-infrared, green, and also blue ultraviolet as well as solid-state lasers.

Nd: YVO4 crystals can be extensively made use of in optical interaction, industrial laser processing, laser ranging, semiconductor detection, information storage space, display screen, laser printing, medical evaluation, equipment, clinical study and also various other areas.

Additionally, Nd: YVO4 diode-pumped solid-state lasers are swiftly changing traditional water-cooled ion lasers and lamp-pumped lasers out there, specifically in regards to miniaturization as well as single longitudinal mode outcome.

In the 21st century, lots of downstream sectors of Nd: YVO4 crystal is flourishing, and the application range of Nd: YVO4 crystal is regularly increasing with obvious efficiency advantages.

Growth method

In the 1960s, Nd: YVO4 crystal was developed. It was drawn out from salt metavanadate thaw by the air conditioning approach. The dimension of the Nd: YVO4 crystal grown by this approach was little. Ever since, the development procedure of Nd: YVO4 crystal has actually been advanced, such as the Zhilar method, fire melting method, floating area growth method, Bryman method as well as pull method. Today, the growth methods of Nd: YVO4 crystal are different. The illustration technique is the mainstream Nd: YVO4 crystal development process, which can expand big, top notch crystals.

Pulling method

Nd3+: YVO4, crystal melting point is very high (concerning 1820 ℃), should use gold-dependent crucible development, gold-dependent crucible will certainly be oxidized at high temperature, should use a neutral gas (hydrogen) to shield the crucible.

In this way, growing in an anoxic environment, the melted component will decompose right into low-priced vanadium oxide (part of YVO4 will certainly disintegrate right into YVO3), and also oxygen shortage will take place in the crystal, causing the generation of the colour centre.

Growing up in an oxygen-rich ambience will cause serious oxidation of the crucible. The minimized episcopes develop inclusions inside the crystal. This will certainly lead to solid thaw volatilization, causing the part discrepancy.

By using various growing environments in various phases, the oxygen deficiency in the crystal can be supplemented, the volatilization of basic materials can be hindered, the single-phase growth of the crystal can be assured, and the crystal can not be blackened or spread because of oxygen shortage due to hypoxia.