Kenya: At Ol Pejeta Conservancy, AI is Addressing Human-Wildlife Conflict

Historically, the integration of humans, cattle, and wild animals has been seen as fraught with risks and challenges. However, advancements in technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, are transforming this dynamic, making interactions safer, more manageable, and environmentally beneficial.

The Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia, Kenya, stands out for its innovative approach to this integration. Known for its diverse wildlife and the world's largest herd of purebred Boran cattle, Ol Pejeta has taken a bold step by allowing cattle to roam freely in a wildlife reserve. This arrangement is unusual given the conservancy's high predator density, which includes lions, hyenas, and leopards, posing significant risks to both the cattle and the herdsmen.

In 2016, herdsman Simon Murathi faced a terrifying encounter with a lion that attacked both him and one of the cows, an experience he recalls vividly. This incident highlighted the dangers inherent in managing cattle in such a high-risk environment. To address these challenges, Ol Pejeta has pioneered the use of AI-driven satellite tracking collars for its cattle. Each herd of 100 cattle is equipped with collars that relay the precise location of the cattle and nearby predators to an AI system called "Earth Ranger." This system helps to minimize interactions between predators and cattle by allowing for real-time tracking and intervention. For instance, if a lion approaches a cattle boma, a vehicle is dispatched to deter the predator from coming closer.

William Njoroge, head of Shared Services at Ol Pejeta, explains that Earth Ranger not only tracks animals but also monitors security vehicles and uses thermal cameras to capture important data. This comprehensive monitoring helps maintain a safe distance between predators and cattle. In addition to technological solutions, Ol Pejeta has trained its herdsmen to handle predatory threats effectively and avoid areas with high predator activity. The conservancy compensates herdsmen for injuries sustained in attacks, although about 60 cattle are still lost annually due to predation.

The satellite tracking system also aids in managing grazing patterns, helping to control overgrown biomass and create favorable conditions for smaller herbivores like gazelles. By directing cattle to graze on degraded lands, the conservancy improves soil fertility and creates better pastures for wildlife. Moreover, Ol Pejeta has adopted microchip technology, inserting chips into calves' ears to monitor their health and growth throughout their lives. This data is crucial for making informed decisions about breeding and slaughter.

Njoroge emphasizes the need for increased investment in technology to enhance both conservation and agribusiness. He notes that while technology in conservation is still in its early stages compared to other sectors, Ol Pejeta is at the forefront of adopting and developing innovative solutions. Ken Kimani, Chief Commercial Officer at Ol Pejeta, highlights plans to deploy additional technologies such as thermal cameras and drones. These tools will help combat poaching and protect both cattle and wildlife, including endangered rhinos and elephants. Kimani stresses the importance of partnerships with educational institutions and tech companies to advance these efforts.

Experts highlight that Kenya is emerging as a leading tech hub in East Africa, with a surge in artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives spanning sectors such as agriculture and health. Ol Pejeta Conservancy’s use of AI-driven solutions illustrates how technology can successfully integrate human, cattle, and wildlife interactions. By leveraging advanced tools like satellite tracking collars and AI systems, Ol Pejeta is transforming a historically difficult endeavor into a pioneering example of ecological and technological harmony. This innovative approach not only enhances safety and efficiency but also sets a benchmark for future conservation and agribusiness efforts.