A crystal typically made use of in lasers

1. Regularity multiplier crystal

Regularity-increasing crystal is a kind of nonlinear optical crystal made use of for regularity doubling effect

Fundamental residential properties

(1) Without main balance;

(2) High transparency of fundamental and dual frequency waves;

(3) The square nonlinear electric polarization coefficient is huge since the regularity doubling conversion performance is proportional to the square of this coefficient;

(4) Partial matching capability, specifically non-critical matching capability. Stage matching Angle and also temperature level resistance should be in;

(5) Excellent optical uniformity, high damage threshold;

(6) steady physical and also chemical homes; The development process is fairly simple to acquire crystals big enough to get to usable lengths in the placement matching instructions.

BBO crystal

BBO crystal is a kind of nonlinear optical crystal with noticeable thorough advantages and good efficiency. It has an incredibly vast light transmittance array, extremely low absorption coefficient, and weak piezoelectric ring result. Compared with various other electro-optic regulated crystals, BBO crystal has a greater termination proportion, a bigger stage sustaining role, a higher anti-light damage threshold, broadband temperature matching as well as exceptional optical harmony. It is beneficial to enhance the security of laser output power, especially for the three-way regularity Nd: YAG laser has a variety of applications.

Main uses of BBO crystal:

(1) Utilized in 1064nm Nd: YAG laser with double, triple, quadruple, and also fivefold frequency.

(2) Made use of in-dye laser as well as titanium gem laser of dual regularity, three-way regularity, sum regularity, distinction frequency, and so on( 3) For optical parametric oscillation, amplifier, etc.

BBO switch: The electro-optical Q switch made of a BBO button is commonly made use of in high rep regularity, high power electro-optical Q-switched laser, all-solid picosecond, and femtosecond regeneration amplification system.

The turn-off time of the electro-optic Q switch is much shorter than the optical break time of acousto-optic Q button. As a result, the all-solid-state short-cavity Q-switched laser using BBO electro-optic Q button can create a high-energy laser with a pulse width of less than 4ns, which is the recommended light of electro-optic inner carving equipment. BBO electro-optical Q button can be shut off as well as endure as much as 150W of oscillating optical power in the tooth cavity (laser outcome power approximately 50W) without water air conditioning.

2. Q-switched crystal

Q-switched can be separated right into energetic Q-tuning and also passive Q-tuning, while energetic Q-tuning can be separated into acousto-optical Q-tuning and electro-optical Q-tuning.
Commonly made use of passive Q-regulating crystals consist of: co: spinel, Cr: YAG, Cr: GSGG, V: YAG, Cr: YSO, and so on.

Co: MgAl2O4 is an extremely effective saturable absorber for easy Q-switched 1.5 μm "eye safety and security" lasers. The peak power pulsed laser produced by the passive Q-switching likewise has the attributes of small human eye damage, strong smoke infiltration, small transmission attenuation, and so on. It can be widely used in the field of space optical communication, battlefield fast-ranging, laser radar of unmanned tools, and more.

3. Gain medium

Gain medium refers to the product system made use of to recognize the particle number inversion and also produce the boosted radiation amplification effect of light, in some cases also called laser gain medium, they can be strong (crystal, glass), gas (atomic gas, ionic gas, molecular gas), semiconductor and fluid as well as other media. The major need of the laser functioning material is to achieve a huge level of fragment number inversion in between the particular energy degrees of the functioning bits, as well as to maintain this inversion as properly as possible in the whole laser emission process.

To this end, it is required that the working material have a suitable power level structure and also shift features. All lasers can be separated into the adhering to categories according to the different states of the functioning product:

(1) Solid (crystal and glass) laser

the working product used by this kind of laser is made by blending metal ions which can create promoted radiation right into the crystal or glass matrix to form the luminescence center;

(2) Gas lasers

utilize the functioning material gas, and also according to the gas actually created by the excitation of the working particle buildings of the various, and additionally divided into the atomic gas laser, ion gas laser, molecular gas laser, excimer gas laser, etc;

(3) Liquid laser

this sort of laser made use of the functioning materials mostly consist of two kinds, one is a natural fluorescent dye option, and the other is having rare earth steel ions of not natural compound service, metal ions (such as Nd) play the role of functioning fragments, and inorganic substance fluid (such as SeOCl) plays the duty of matrix;

(4) Semiconductor laser

this sort of laser is a certain semiconductor product as the working substance to create boosted discharge, its principle is via a specific excitation way (electric shot, optical pump, or high-energy electron light beam shot), between the semiconductor material power band or between the energy band and the impurity level, via the excitation of the non-equilibrium service provider to achieve the particle number reversal. Hence, promoted discharge of light is generated;

(5) Free electron laser

which is a special type of brand-new laser, the functioning material is the directional totally free electron light beam relocating at high speed in the space routine change of electromagnetic field, as long as the speed of the free electron beam of light can be transformed to create a tunable coherent electromagnetic radiation, in principle, the meaningful radiation range can change from the X-ray band to the microwave area, so it has an extremely attractive possibility.

Er: YAG

Er: YAG is an excellent 2.94 μm laser crystal, which is commonly made use of in laser clinical systems and also other areas. It is one of the most vital working substances of 3mm laser, as well as has the qualities of high slope efficiency, can work at room temperature level laser, laser wavelength within the risk-free series of human eyes, and so on 2.94 mm Er: YAG laser has been commonly made use of in the clinical field of surgery, aesthetic dermatology, dentistry as well as various other treatments.

Benefits

1. High slope performance

2. Operate at a room temperature level

3, the laser working wavelength is fairly safe for human eyes

Ti: sapphire

Ti: sapphire (Ti3+: Al2O3) crystal is the most commonly utilized tunable laser strong product, with outstanding laser characteristics-- wide emission transmission capacity (0.65 ~ 1.2 μm), exceptional thermal, optical, physical, chemical, and also mechanical homes. Titanium-doped sapphire lasers and their laser systems are unequaled in their amazing performance as well as the resulting variety of applications, such as proton treatment, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, infrared spectroscopy as well as material characterization.

Erbium glass

Laser glass is a type of strong laser material based on glass. It is commonly made use of in different sorts of solid-state laser light and has come to be the primary laser material of high power as well as high power laser.

The attributes of using glass as a laser functioning item are that it can extensively alter the chemical structure and manufacturing procedure to obtain lots of important buildings, such as fluorescence, high thermal stability, low thermal development coefficient, unfavorable temperature refraction coefficient, high optical uniformity, as well as very easy to obtain a selection of shapes and sizes, affordable price, and so on.

Laser glass is an essential core material for high-power laser gadgets because of its qualities of large size, excellent optical harmony, low cost, and also high manufacturing performance.